短对话听力---为题目类型
（A）Melanie didn't wear the coat because she doesn't like red.
（B）Melanie is allergic to wool.
（C）Melanie wore the coat but broke out in a rash.
（D）Melanie couldn't wear the coat because she was in a rush.
1.
（A）Hip fracture.
（B）Pain in the right of his head.
（C）Not knowing when the pain comes.
（D）Unable to point out the painful area.
2.
（A）He has just recovered from the flu.
（B）He won't be able to go to the play.
（C）He heard that the play isn't very good.
（D）He has already seen the play.
3.
（A）Nothing but water.
（B）Tylenol.
（C）Aspirin.
（D）Ginger tea.
4.
（A）Tennis players often injure their backs.
（B）She hadn't heard about the man's problem.
（C）The man should have seen the doctor.
（D）She' II check the man's schedule as soon as possible.
（A）It depends on the wife.
（B）It depends on the husband.
（C）It is uncertain.
（D）She does not want to give voice to her opinion.
6.
（A）Positive.
（B）Cautious.
（C）Supportive.
（D）Negative.
7.
（A）Harry acquired the diamond ring from a relative.
（B）Harry spent all his money on the diamond ring.
（C）The diamond ring is very expensive.
（D）Harry' s girlfriend is fortunate in having the diamond ring.
8.
（A）A Customs officer.
（B）An Immigration and Naturalization Department officer.
（C）An Army officer.
（D）A Visa officer.
9.
（A）She has to receive training first.
（B）That's her choice to do what she wants.
（C）She should do so after consulting her husband.
（D）She becomes an extreme feminist.
（A）He'll get a good grade because he didn't use Internet sources.
（B）He' II probably do badly on the paper since he used many Internet sources.
（C）He' II get good marks because he used Internet sources.
（D）He wonders how much he' II be deducted on his paper for not using Internet sources.
11.
（A）The woman feels rather terrible.
（B）The woman had an operation.
（C）The woman has a serious illness.
（D）The woman wants to go to the hospital.
12.
（A）More doctors should be doing research.
（B）He is studying to be a doctor.
（C）An important new medical treatment may be available soon.
（D）He has already tried the new medicine.
13.
（A）The doctor can see the man this week.
（B）Appointments must be made two weeks in advance.
（C）The man should call back on Friday.
（D）The doctor cancelled his appointments on Friday.
14.
（A）The man.
（B）Too little sleep.
（C）A hat.
（D）The sun.
短文听力---为题目类型
（A）The anatomy of sea cucumbers.
（B）How sea cucumbers protect themselves.
（C）How to catch a sea cucumber.
（D）The history of sea cucumbers.
16.
（A）By expelling its organs.
（B）By moving quickly.
（C）By organizing itself.
（D）By hiding itself.
17.
（A）There were too many organs in the sea cucumber.
（B）He didn' t understand why another animal would want to eat the sea cucumber.
（C）He didn't understand what defense meant.
（D）He didn' t think it made sense to lose organs to protect the body.
18.
（A）It spit up its organs.
（B）It lives on the bottom of the sea.
（C）Its organs grow back quickly.
（D）It has no spinal column.
19.
（A）They can cut themselves in half and survive.
（B）They are spinal animals and thus need very little for life.
（C）They give up their internal organs to confuse their attacker.
（D）Their organs are easy to grow back.
（A）Use the heart-valve taken from a dead person to repair it.
（B）Put in pieces of man-made heart-valve to make it normal.
（C）Replace it with another heart taken from a dead person.
（D）Get it repaired with a really strong pump.
21.
（A）An animal's body.
（B）Another person who has just died.
（C）A person who has more veins than he really needs.
（D）The patient's own body.
22.
（A）They can operate the heart-lung machine.
（B）They have designed the heart-lung machine.
（C）They can make the blood continue to flow round the body.
（D）They do the Work of both the heart and the lung.
23.
（A）The machine keeps the blood warm enough.
（B）The machine pushes the blood back into the vessels.
（C）The machine works very gently.
（D）The heart is empty of blood.
24.
（A）His heart and lungs are badly damaged.
（B）His blood cells are seriously damaged.
（C）He is not breathing and his heart is not beating.
（D）His heart and lungs have stopped working.
（A）How birds learn to build nests.
（B）Why birds lay eggs.
（C）How birds' nests have evolved.
（D）Why some birds' nests are considered primitive.
26.
（A）Their flying ability improved greatly.
（B）They became warm-blooded.
（C）They began to lay eggs.
（D）They changed their migration patterns.
27.
（A）On the ground.
（B）In cold places.
（C）On the highest branches of trees.
（D）Inside tree trunks.
28.
（A）A primitive type of nest.
（B）An elevated nest.
（C）A typical cup-shaped nest.
（D）A nest of twigs and branches.
29.
（A）To avoid predators.
（B）To expose the eggs to stronger sunlight.
（C）To have a better view of predators.
（D）To save labor.
选词填空---为题目类型
31.We tend to notice the times that something remarkable occurred, while ignoring all the time______that nothing remarkable happened.
（A）intentionally
（B）distinctively
（C）subconsciously
（D）potentially
32.That critic' s writing is so obscure and dense that upon first reading, one finds its______ hard to penetrate.
（A）brevity
（B）rigidity
（C）harmony
（D）opacity
33.To avoid being______, composer Stephen strives for an element of surprise in his songs.
（A）erratic
（B）elaborate
（C）predictable
（D）idiosyncratic
34.Because the pandas had already been weakened by disease and drought, a harsh winter would have had______consequences for them.
（A）preventive
（B）regressive
（C）catastrophic
（D）moderate
35.The______of emotional and psychiatric disorders that can prompt a person to seek therapy is wide.
（A）formula
（B）coverage
（C）interval
（D）spectrum
36.HIV and AIDS may threaten the fundamental values of society, and any attempt to deal with them presents a______challenge.
（A）formidable
（B）fatal
（C）favorable
（D）fantastic
37.Kelley's publicists abruptly______a planned seven-city publicity tour, announcing that their "publishing objectives have been accomplished".
（A）called off
（B）called down
（C）called up
（D）called for
38.Crowding as an environmental variable is only beginning to be seriously examined and the data so far is______.
（A）informative
（B）inconclusive
（C）inconspicuous
（D）indisputable
39.During the sterilization process which follows, the cans are______to steam or boiling water with the temperature and duration varying according to the type of food.
（A）proportional
（B）subjected
（C）susceptible
（D）liable
40.In some physical illnesses emotional factors may be the major______elements.
（A）interacting
（B）composing
（C）relating
（D）contributing
近义词替换---为题目类型
41.Much of what we know about the subject on a hypothetical level can be traced to Dr. Calhoun.
（A）meditative
（B）presumptive
（C）thoughtful
（D）deceptive
42.We have available to us many different ways to fulfill our nutritional needs.
（A）satisfy
（B）acquire
（C）afford
（D）standardize
43.Obesity is a condition perpetuated by a diversity of factors.
（A）caused
（B）sustained
（C）modulated
（D）modified
44.Abandon fad diets and heed your body's hunger cues.
（A）play down
（B）put up with
（C）give attention to
（D）get rid of
45.Health is an economic and political asset.
（A）wealth
（B）essence
（C）enterprise
（D）issue
46.The controversial tax fueled a sustained wrath that could not be quelled by the Prime Minister's impassioned speeches.
（A）fortified
（B）fostered
（C）resembled
（D）suppressed
47.With few symptoms and signs to depend on for the diagnosis, the interns make much of past history of patient.
（A）take advantage of
（B）write in detail
（C）request carefully
（D）attach importance to
48.The doctor vacillated so frequently on disease-prevention techniques that his colleagues accused him of inconsistency.
（A）wavered
（B）instigated
（C）experimented
（D）relied
49.Predictably, detail-oriented workers are adept at keeping track of the myriad particulars of a situation in a surgical operation.
（A）accomplished at
（B）humorous about
（C）hesitant about
（D）contemptuous of
50.Riboflavin helps the body obtain energy from carbohydrates and protein substances.
（A）roots
（B）flavours
（C）powers
（D）material
完形填空---为题目类型
Visual impairment carries with【C1】______ ability to travel through one's physical and social until adequate orientation and mobility skills have been established. Because observational skills are more limited, self-control within the immediate surroundings is limited. The visually impaired person is less able to anticipate【C2】______ situations or obstacles to avoid. Orientation refers to the【C3】______ map one has of one's surroundings and to the relationship between self and that environment. It is best generated by moving through the environment and【C4】______ together relationships, object by object, in an organized approach. With【C5】______ visual feedback to reinforce this map, a visually impaired person must rely on memory for key landmarks and other clues, which enable visually impaired persons to【C6】______ their position in space. Mobility is the ability to travel safely and efficiently from one point to another within one's physical and social environment. Good orientation skills are necessary to good mobility skills. Once visually impaired students learn to travel safely as pedestrians (行人), they also need to learn to use public transportation to become as【C7】______ as possible. To meet the【C8】______ demands of the visually impaired person, there is a sequence instruction that begins during the preschool years and may continue after high schools. Many visually impaired children lack adequate concepts regarding time and space or objects and events in their environment. During the early years much attention is focused on the development of some fundamental【C9】______ , such as inside or outside, in front of or behind, fast or slow, which are essential to safe,【C10】______ travel through familiar and unfamiliar settings.
51.【C1】
（A）complex
（B）vital
（C）restricted
（D）remarkable
52.【C2】
（A）varying
（B）difficult
（C）hazardous
（D）distressful
53.【C3】
（A）mental
（B）visual
（C）graphic
（D）demographic
54.【C4】
（A）putting
（B）getting
（C）reinforcing
（D）piecing
55.【C5】
（A）few
（B）little
（C）much
（D）inadequate
56.【C6】
（A）testify
（B）affirm
（C）identify
（D）certify
57.【C7】
（A）flexible
（B）independent
（C）frequent
（D）skillful
58.【C8】
（A）expanding
（B）extending
（C）continual
（D）desperate
59.【C9】
（A）behaviors
（B）concepts
（C）awareness
（D）memory
60.【C10】
（A）comfortable
（B）effective
（C）efficient
（D）efficacious
阅读理解---为题目类型
Any scientist who is not a hypocrite will admit the important part that luck plays in scientific discovery. Our estimate of the importance of luck is inherently biased: we know when we benefit from luck, but in the nature of things cannot assess how often bad luck deprives us of the chance of making what might have been an important discovery. A colleague and I carried out an experiment in which little tissue fragments, which were very difficult to work with, were injected into mice of different strains. If we had been more experienced, we would have injected only white blood cells (which would have been easier to handle) into the mice. We now know that if we had done this, we would not have discovered actively acquired tolerance because the grafts would have in effect rejected their hosts. Obviously, we were lucky, but our scientific training enabled us to recognize the significance of the accident. I think, therefore, that there was no need for the distinguished neu-rophysiologist Hodgkin to refer to his "feeling of guilt about suppressing the part which chance and good fortune played in what now seems to be a rather logical development." It might nevertheless seem as if luck plays a dominant role in scientific discovery. I would like to challenge this view for the following reasons; we sometimes describe as "lucky" a person who wins a prize in a lottery at long odds; but if we describe the accidental discovery on a park bench of a lottery ticket that turns out to be the winning one? The two cases are quite different. A person who buys a lottery ticket is putting himself or herself in the way of winning a prize. This individual has, so to speak, purchased candidacy for such a turn of events and all the rest is a matter of mathematical probabilities. So it is with scientists. A scientist is anyone who, by observations and experiments conducted, by the literature read, and even by the company kept, puts himself or herself in the way of making a discovery. These individuals, by deliberate action, have enormously enlarged their awareness—their candidacy for good fortune—and will not take into account evidence of a kind that a beginner or a casual observer would probably overlook or misinterpret. I honestly do not think that blind luck of the kind enjoyed by someone who finds a winning lottery ticket for which he or she has not paid plays an important part in science or that many important discoveries arise from the casual intersection of two lines. Nearly all successful scientists have emphasized the importance of preparedness of mind, and I want to emphasize that this preparedness of mind is worked for and paid for by a great deal of exertion and reflection. If these exertions lead to a discovery, then I think it would be inappropriate to credit such a discovery to luck.
62.The outcome of the experiment described in Lines 1 -4 (Para.2) suggests that______.
（A）luck worked against the scientists at first
（B）the injection of only white blood cells into the mice allowed the two scientists to make the discovery
（C）the mice represented the perfect animals on which to conduct the experiment
（D）the scientists involved were able to capitalize on luck
63.The word "deliberate" (Line 5, Para.4)is closest to ______in meaning.
（A）cunning
（B）compelling
（C）cautious
（D）intentional
64.The author implies that a scientist achieves "candidacy for good fortune" (Line 6, Para. 4) by______.
（A）making careful and repeated mathematical calculations
（B）playing hunches rather than depending on research
（C）performing enough experiments to increase the statistical probability of success
（D）obtaining knowledge that allows him or her to recognize important evidence
65.The meaning of the phrase "casual intersection of two lines" (Last sentence, Para. 4) is most clearly conveyed by which of the following?
（A）Informal kinds of experiments.
（B）Two detailed plans.
（C）Geometrically precise experiments.
（D）Unanticipated coincidence.
66.The primary purpose of the passage is to______.
（A）delineate a single definition of luck
（B）show that scientists discover what they intend to find
（C）compare science to a game
（D）share the pleasure in making scientific discoveries
Edna was not in the least surprised by my offer. I hitched the traveling-can containing the food on to the carrier. I didn't want to ride on the rough approach to the house so I rolled the bicycle the short distance from the house to the mad while Edna walked beside me. Mounting the vehicle with the can on the back and Edna on the cross-bar proved a little tricky, I solved the problem by getting on the seat first and keeping the bicycle stationary with one foot resting firmly on the ground. Then Edna climbed on the bar sitting sideways; and I pushed off. The excitement of having her so close within my arms and the perfume of her hair in my nose would have proved overpowering if I'd had much time to consider it. I hadn't. The road to the hospital turned out to be quite hilly, not steep but just enough to take the wind out of one; and with the kind of passenger I had, I didn't care to admit too readily to being tired. So I raced up all the little hillocks until my heart raged like a bonfire. "You are very strong," said Edna. "Why?" I said, or rather puffed out, in one enormous expiration, as I rounded the summit of yet another small hill. "You are eating all the hills like yam." "I haven't seen any hill yet," I replied, getting back some of my breath as I pedaled freely down the small, friendly descent that followed. These words were hardly out of my mouth when a stupid sheep and her four or five lambs rushed out of the roadside on my left. I braked sharply. Unfortunately Edna's back was resting on my left arm and prevented me applying the brake on that side effectively. So only the brake on the front wheel performed fully. The bicycle pitched forward and crashed on the road. Edna was thrown farther up the road and as soon as I got up, I rushed to help her to her feet again. Then I turned to gaze at the food in the sandy road. I could have wept. I just stood looking at it and biting my lip. Then Edna burst into nervous laughter which completed my humiliation. I didn't want to look at her. Without taking my eyes from the food I murmured that I was very sorry.
68.We can infer that, at the beginning of the passage, the writer had just offered______.
（A）to marry Edna
（B）to take some food to hospital
（C）to give Edna a lift to hospital
（D）to show how well he could ride a bicycle
69.The way the writer rode his bicycle over the hill shows that______.
（A）he was very strong
（B）he tried to excite Edna
（C）Edna was very attractive to him
（D）he wanted to impress Edna
70.The accident could probably have been avoided if______.
（A）the writer had not braked sharply
（B）both brakes had worked properly
（C）he had not been so busy admiring Edna
（D）he had looked where he was going
71.It is implied that the writer' s chief feeling after the accident was of______.
（A）sorrow because of the spoiled food
（B）anger at the stupid sheep
（C）guilt because of having hurt Edna
（D）concern about his loss of face
72.The underlined phrase "to take the wind out of one" most probably means in the context______.
（A）to make one easily feel tired
（B）to take the breath out of someone
（C）to rain the pleasant ride with his girl friend
（D）to make the ride more difficult
At 9:00 in the evening on January 29, just as President George W. Bush was about to begin his first State of the Union address, I gathered with three anxious scientists in a small, windowless laboratory in Worcester, Massachusetts. We were at Advanced Cell Technology—a privately owned biotechnology company that briefly made international headlines last fall by publishing the first scientific account of cloned human embryos. The significance of the achievement was debatable: the company's most successful embryo had reached only six cells before it stopped dividing (one other had reached four cells another had reached two)—a fact that led to a widespread dismissal, in the media and the scientific community, of ACT's "breakthrough". The work was largely judged to be preliminary, inconsequential and certainly not worthy of headlines. Many people in political and religious circles, however, had a decidedly different view. They deemed ACT's work an ethical transgression of the highest order and professed shock, indignation, and horror. Nonetheless, ACT was pressing ahead—which was why I had come to the company's cloning lab that night in January. The door to the lab was locked; a surveillance camera mounted on the ceiling watched our every move, and the mood was at once urgent and tense. A human egg, retrieved just hours earlier from a young donor, was positioned under a microscope, its image glowing on a nearby video monitor. The egg's chromosomes would shortly be removed, and the scientists in the room would attempt to fuse what remained of the egg with a human skin cell. If the procedure succeeded, the result would be a cloned human embryo. Skin cell to embryo—it's one of the most remarkable quick—change scenarios modern biology has to offer. It's also one of the most controversial. Since the announcement, in 1997, of the cloning of the sheep Dolly, attempts to use human cells for cloning have provoked heated debate in the United States, separating those who have faith in the promise of the new technology from those who envision its dark side and unintended consequences. Crucial to the debate is the fact that human cloning research falls into two distinct categories: reproductive cloning, a widely frowned-on effort that aims to produce a fully formed child; and therapeutic cloning, a scientifically reputable procedure that takes place entirely at the microscopic level and is designed to advance medical therapies and cure human ailments. The two start out the same way—with a new embryo in a Petri dish. But the scientists I was observing in the lab had no intention of creating a person. Instead they were embarking on an experiment that, if successful, would be a first step toward creating radical new cures for patients like the donor of the skin cell—Trevor Ross (not his real name), a two-year-old boy afflicted with a rare and devastating genetic disease. The mood in the lab was tense in part because of the uncertain outcome of the experiment. But it was also tense because of concern over what President Bush might say about cloning in his address to the nation. A radio in one corner of the room was tuned to the broadcast as the scientists began their work, and they were listening carefully: in perhaps no other fields of science are researchers as mindful of which way the political winds are blowing. The ACT scientists had a good reason to be concerned—what they were doing that night might soon be made illegal.
74.The author was most probably as______.
（A）an observer
（B）a secretary
（C）a secret agent
（D）a correspondent
75.According to the author,______.
（A）ACT's scientists had no intention of creating a person
（B）ACT's experiment would be a first step towards creating radical new cures
（C）ACT's scientists were very mindful of government's perceptions
（D）all the above
76.According to the passage, human cloning is clearly categorized as______.
（A）political and religious
（B）reproductive and therapeutic
（C）debatable and controversial
（D）preliminary and inconsequential
77.According to this passage, attempts to use human cells for cloning______.
（A）have encouraged those who have faith in the premise of the new procedure
（B）have criticized those who envision only the dark side and unintended consequences
（C）have provoked heated debates in the United States
（D）have made ACT's work an ethical transgression of the highest order
78.The mood of the ACT's scientists was tense because______.
（A）what they were doing that night might soon be made illegal
（B）they would soon make ACT' s breakthroughs
（C）they would make international headline that night
（D）President George W. Bush might come to their lab that night
Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have replaced the dropouts' loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was based on 22 000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless. The dropouts rate was found to be 31 percent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates. Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of completing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.. "The results of our research," Dr. Tucker concluded, "did not support these opinions." 1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out. 2. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialties. 3. Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation. Nearly 75 percent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. ' s program, lack of finances was marked by 19 percent. As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $20 000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. ' s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D.'s income in the $7 500 to $15 000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields. As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25% of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.
80.The author states that many educators feel that______.
（A）steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus
（B）the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study
（C）the Ph.D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout
（D）the high dropouts' rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members
81.Research has shown that______.
（A）dropouts are substantially below Ph.D.s in financial attainment
（B）the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph.D. studies
（C）the Ph.D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out
（D）about one-third of those who start Ph.D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree
82.Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph.D.______.
（A）is the most frequent reason for dropping out
（B）is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate
（C）is an essential part of many Ph.D. programs
（D）does not vary in difficulty among universities
83.After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that______.
（A）optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph.D dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree
（B）a Ph.D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree
（C）colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph.D. dropouts
（D）Ph.D.s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions
84.It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in______.
（A）salary for Ph.D. too low
（B）academic requirement too high
（C）salary for dropouts too high
（D）1 000 positions
Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are, they'll say, "Success." The dream of individual opportunity has been home in America since Europeans discovered a "new world" in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a classless society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers. In letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote, "We are all excited at the sprite of an industry which is unfettered and unrestrained, because each person works for himself... We have no princes, for whom we toil, starve, and bleed. We are the most perfect society now existing in the world." The promise of a land where "the rewards of a man's industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor" drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories. Our national mythology is full of illustration of the American success story. There's Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from modest origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became America's best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The notion of success haunts us—we spend million every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to" make a fortune in real estate with no money down", and " dressing for success". The myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships—today it's as important to be "successful" in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business. But dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to "make it" also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success inevitably implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in status symbols: we try to live in the "right" neighborhoods, wear the "right" clothes, and eat the "right" foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.
86.What is the essence of the American Dream according to Crevecoeur?
（A）People are free to develop their power of imagination.
（B）People who are honest and work hard can succeed.
（C）People are free from exploitation and oppression.
（D）People can fully enjoy individual freedom.
87.By saying "the rewards of a man's industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor" (Para. 1), the author means______.
（A）the more diligent one is, the bigger his returns are
（B）laborious work ensures the growth of an industry
（C）a man's business should be developed step by step
（D）a company's success depends on its employees' hard work
88.The characters described in Horatio Alger's novels are people who______.
（A）succeed in real estate investment
（B）earned enormous fortunes by chances
（C）became wealthy after starting life very poor
（D）became famous despite their modest origins
89.It can be inferred from the last sentence of the second paragraph that______.
（A）business success often contributes to a successful marriage
（B）Americans wish to succeed in every aspect of life
（C）good personal relationships lead to business success
（D）successful business people provide good care for their children
90.What is the paradox of American culture according to the author?
（A）The American road to success is full of nightmares.
（B）Status symbols are not a real indicators of a person's wealth.
（C）The American Dream is nothing but an empty dream.
（D）What Americans strive for often contradicts their beliefs.
Avian influenza is an infectious disease of birds caused by type A strains of the influenza virus. The disease, which was first identified in Italy more than 100 years ago, occurs worldwide. All birds are thought to be susceptible to infection with avian influenza, though some species are more resistant to infection than others. Infection causes a wide spectrum of symptoms in birds, ranging from mild illness to a highly contagious and rapidly fatal disease resulting in severe epidemics. The latter is known as "highly pathogenic avian influenza". This form is characterized by sudden onset, severe illness, and rapid death, with a mortality that can approach 100%. Fifteen subtypes of influenza virus are known to infect birds, thus providing an extensive reservoir of influenza viruses potentially circulating in bird population. To date, all outbreaks of the highly pathogenic form have been caused by influenza A viruses of subtypes H5 and H7. Migratory waterfowl—most notably wild ducks—are the natural reservoir of avian influenza viruses, and these birds are also the most resistant to infection. Domestic poultry, including chickens and turkeys, are particularly susceptible to epidemics of rapidly fatal influenza. Direct or indirect contact of domestic flocks with wild migratory waterfowl has been implicated as a frequent cause of epidemics. Live bird markets have also played an important role in the spread of epidemics. Recent research has shown that viruses of low pathogenicity can, after circulation for sometimes short periods in a poultry population, mutate into highly pathogenic viruses. During a 1983-1984 epidemic in the United States of America, the H5N2 virus initially caused low mortality, but within six months became highly pathogenic, with a mortality approaching 90%. Control of the outbreak required destruction of more than 17 million birds at a cost of nearly US $65 million. During a 1999-2001 epidemic in Italy, the H7N1 virus, initially of low pathogenicity, mutated within 9 months to a highly pathogenic form. More than 13 million birds died or were destroyed. The quarantining of infected farms and destruction of infected or potentially exposed flocks are standard control measures aimed at preventing spread to other farms and eventual establishment of the virus in a country's poultry population. Apart from being highly contagious, avian influenza viruses are readily transmitted from farm to farm by mechanical means, such as by contaminated equipment, vehicles, feed, cages, or clothing. Highly pathogenic viruses can survive for long periods in the environment, especially when temperatures are low. Stringent sanitary measures on farms can, however, confer some degree of protection. In the absence of prompt control measures backed by good surveillance, epidemics can last for years. For example, an epidemic of H5N2 avian influenza, which began in Mexico in 1992, started with low pathogenicity, evolved to the highly fatal form, and was not controlled until 1995.
92.According to the passage, the following are all incorrect EXCEPT______.
（A）avian influenza was not recognized until more than 100 years ago
（B）infection with avian influenza cause mild epidemics in birds
（C）not all birds are susceptible to infection with avian influenza
（D）the disease of avian influenza occurs worldwide except in Italy
93.Characters of the highly pathogenic avian influenza include EXCEPT______.
（A）sudden onset
（B）resistance to infection
（C）severe illness
（D）rapid death
94.Migratory waterfowl are the most resistant to the infection with avian influenza______.
（A）when they would migrate to the south from the north
（B）if they do not migrate to the rest of the planet
（C）when they are mixed with domestic poultry and pigs
（D）while domestic poultry are particularly susceptible to epidemics of avian influenza
95.Control of the outbreak requires EXCEPT______..
（A）destruction of infected or potentially exposed flocks
（B）the quarantining of infected farms
（C）the absence of prompt control measures
（D）stringent sanitary measures on farms
96.From the passage we can infer that rapid mutation of low to highly pathogenic viruses______
（A）has led to evolution of the highly fatal form H5N2 viruses
（B）makes it impossible for scientists to develop more effective vaccines against the viruses
（C）helps to prevent spread from farm to farm by mechanical means
（D）proves to be protective of the extensive reservoirs
写作---为题目类型
98. Directions：In this part there is an essay in Chinese．Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET．Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the essay． 中国人需要一场“膳食革命” 在我国城乡，与膳食密切相关的慢性非传染性疾病患病率上升迅速，铁、维生素A等营养素缺乏普遍存在。进一步分析表明，导致慢性病发生的肥胖等重要因素还会大幅度增加。这将严重影响我国居民的健康素质和寿命，加重疾病负担。因此，中国人迫切需要来一场膳食革命。 膳食革命的“八字方针”：调整、维持、控制、增加。 1．调整：调整进食顺序 近年来，不论是宴会的上菜程序，还是大多数人的生活习惯，均是饭后吃水果，这等于是在吃饱或是吃得过饱的基础上，再添加食物。因此，这部分热能几乎全部被储存起来，从而加重了超重和肥胖问题。因此，成年人最好在每顿饭前吃水果(柿子等不宜在饭前吃的水果除外)。儿童正处于长身体时期，部分妇女属于中医讲的“脾胃虚寒”体质，不宜或不适合饭前吃水果。这部分人群可在两顿饭之间加食一次水果，而不要在饭后立即吃水果。 2．维持：维持高纤维素摄入和食物多样化 摄入较多纤维素是中国传统饮食的一个明显特点，非常有利于健康，需要继续坚持。近十年来，我国城市居民膳食中蔬菜的进食量持续下降，谷物也明显低于合理水平，应该改正这一不良趋势。食物多样化是中国传统饮食的另一显著特点，非常符合保持健康的要求。一个吸收消化正常的人，只要做到了食物多样化，就绝对不需要膳食增补剂或保健品等。每天都应该争取吃够五种水果或五种蔬菜。 3．控制：控制肉类、油脂、盐的摄入量 现在我国居民膳食中肉、油脂类的量及比例明显增加，其提供的热能所占的比例已大大超过合理的结构。 中国传统饮食中盐的使用量也过多。中国营养学会推荐每人每天油脂的适宜摄入量为25克，每人日均食盐摄入量为6克(相当于成人拇指盖大小的一汤勺一平勺)。 4．增加：增加水果、奶、谷物及薯类食物 经常进食水果会防病、抗衰老，所以首先要增加水果的进食量，使水果成为每顿饭必不可少的成分。牛奶中含有大量人体所必需的营养素，且极易被身体吸收利用，尤其可以补充我国居民日常膳食中摄入量严重不足的钙。中国人每日应补充400毫升牛奶。谷类中植物蛋白、B族维生素、不饱和脂肪酸及纤维素的含量较高。薯类为低脂、高纤维、富含矿物质的食物。每日膳食中不应只有大米、白面，而应尽可能地多进食其他谷物和薯类。 总之，中国人当前的饮食习惯必须尽快来一场彻底变革，恢复原有的健康的膳食结构，增加身体必需的食物种类，把握好每日进食量与消耗的平衡。只有这样，才能消除糖尿病、高血压、冠心病得慢性病发生，提高健康水平。
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